In a landmark achievement, the Institute of Geology at the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (UAJK) has unveiled its comprehensive research on the Neelum Jhelum Hydropower Project (NJHP), marking a significant contribution to understanding the geological challenges facing this major national infrastructure.
The Neelum Jhelum Hydropower Project, located in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, is one of Pakistan’s flagship hydropower projects. Designed to generate 969 megawatts of electricity, the project was completed at an estimated cost of over Rs 500 billion (approximately USD 4.3 billion). It includes a 52-km long tunnel system and a state-of-the-art underground power station. The project became operational in 2018 after years of complex construction in one of the most geologically active regions in South Asia.
However, in July 2022, a section of the tunnel collapsed, forcing the project to shut down entirely. This incident not only halted power generation but also led to massive economic losses, with estimates suggesting over Rs 30 billion (approx. USD 100 million) in direct financial damages, in addition to power shortages and technical complications that followed.
In response to the collapse, the UAJK Institute of Geology initiated an extensive geophysical investigation using advanced techniques such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Audio Magnetotellurics (AMT), and Gravity surveys. The research focused on the collapsed zone and the tunnel’s alignment.
Their findings have led to the identification of three major geological faults — Davelian Fault, Patika Fault, and Muzaffarabad Fault — all intersecting the NJHP tunnel at different locations.
Key Insights from the Research:
The Patika Fault exerts significant geological stress on the tunnel alignment.
The presence of deep-seated and complex fractures was confirmed in the surveyed region.
These fractures enable water seepage, which reduces friction and contributes to displacement along the fault blocks.
One of the most critical discoveries is the estimated extent of the fault zone, which spans approximately 4 to 5 kilometers — a detail expected to greatly influence future planning and risk mitigation strategies for the project.
WAPDA officials present at the research presentation, including Chief Engineer Mr. Gulmir and Advisor Mr. Nayyar Allahdin, lauded the institute’s professional approach and in-depth analysis. Their recognition underscored the importance of academic contributions in resolving real-world engineering and infrastructure challenges.
Director of Finance Dr. Muhammad Basharat and Dean of Sciences Prof. Dr. Muhammad Rafique emphasized the growing need for robust industry-academia collaboration to strengthen national development efforts.
Professor Emeritus Dr. Muhammad Rustam Khan extended his sincere gratitude to the attending dignitaries for their encouragement and support. Miss Shazia Qamar, Coordinator of the Institute of Geology, in her address, reaffirmed the institute's commitment to advancing future collaborations with WAPDA and other national institutions.
This breakthrough underscores the Institute of Geology’s leading role in applied earth sciences and positions UAJK as a vital contributor to Pakistan’s hydropower development and infrastructure safety planning.
